LaravelFilament

Claim Management System - Setup Project & Database Design (Laravel 12 + MySQL)

15 Desember 20254 min read

Di Part 1 kita sudah membahas business flow dan konsep sistem.

Sekarang di Part 2, kita langsung eksekusi: bikin project Laravel, setup database, lalu define model & migration yang akan jadi fondasi Claim Management System.

Stack yang digunakan:

* Laravel 12.11.0

* MySQL

1️⃣ Membuat Project Laravel

Kita mulai dari Laravel Installer:

bash

laravel new claim-management-system

Pada saat penulisan ini:

* Laravel version: 12.11.0

* Database: MySQL

Pastikan konfigurasi database di .env sudah benar:

plaintext

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=claim_management_system
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

2️⃣ Konsep Struktur User & Role

Dalam sistem ini:

* User adalah entitas autentikasi

* Role bisnis dipisahkan ke tabel domain:

* Head Office

* Distributor

* Retail (Seller)

Kenapa?

* Lebih fleksibel

* Lebih aman untuk audit

* Tidak mencampur domain logic ke tabel users

3️⃣ Head Office (Produsen)

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model HeadOffice -m

Migration: `head_offices`

php

Schema::create('head_offices', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');

    // user yang merepresentasikan HO
    $table->foreignId('user_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete()
        ->cascadeOnUpdate();

    $table->timestamps();
});

Fungsi tabel ini:

* Menyimpan data produsen / head office

* 1 user = 1 head office

* Akan digunakan untuk approval & disbursement

4️⃣ Distributor

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model Distributor -m

Migration: `distributors`

php

Schema::create('distributors', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');

    // user distributor
    $table->foreignId('user_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete()
        ->cascadeOnUpdate();

    $table->timestamps();
});

Catatan:

* Distributor tidak menerima uang

* Tugas utama: verifikasi klaim secara digital

5️⃣ Retail (Seller)

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model Retail -m

Migration: `retails`

php

Schema::create('retails', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');

    // data pembayaran klaim
    $table->string('payment_account'); // contoh: BCA, Mandiri
    $table->string('payment_number');  // nomor rekening / e-wallet

    $table->foreignId('user_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete()
        ->cascadeOnUpdate();

    // distributor yang mensupply retail ini
    $table->foreignId('distributor_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->cascadeOnUpdate();

    $table->timestamps();
});

Kenapa payment_* disimpan di Retail?

* Klaim dibayar langsung ke seller

* HO tidak perlu input manual rekening setiap klaim

6️⃣ Product

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model Product -m

Migration: `products`

php

Schema::create('products', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('sku')->unique();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Produk akan digunakan:

* di promo

* di claim item

7️⃣ Promo Program

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model PromoProgram -m

Migration: `promo_programs`

php

Schema::create('promo_programs', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('name');
    $table->date('starts_at');
    $table->date('ends_at');
    $table->boolean('is_active')->default(true);
    $table->timestamps();
});

PromoProgram = container utama promo, contoh:

> Promo Tutup Susu Q1–Q3 2025

8️⃣ Promo Rates (WAJIB per Product)

Aturan Bisnis

> Dalam satu Promo Program, setiap produk wajib memiliki promo rate sendiri.

> Tidak ada rate global.

Contoh:

* Susu 1,35 kg → Rp 20.000

* Susu 700 gram → Rp 10.000

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model PromoRate -m

> ⚠️ Catatan kecil: nama model sebaiknya singular (PromoRate), bukan PromoRates.

Migration: `promo_rates`

php

Schema::create('promo_rates', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();

    $table->foreignId('promo_program_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->cascadeOnDelete();

    // WAJIB produk
    $table->foreignId('product_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete();

    $table->unsignedBigInteger('amount_per_item');

    $table->timestamps();

    $table->unique([
        'promo_program_id',
        'product_id',
    ], 'promo_rate_unique');
});

Keuntungan desain ini:

* tidak ada ambiguity rate

* klaim produk tanpa rate otomatis ditolak

* audit & laporan jauh lebih aman

9️⃣ Claim (Header Klaim)

Generate model & migration

bash

php artisan make:model Claim -m

Migration: `claims`

php

Schema::create('claims', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('code')->unique();

    $table->foreignId('retail_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete();

    $table->foreignId('distributor_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete();

    $table->foreignId('promo_program_id')
        ->constrained()
        ->restrictOnDelete();

    $table->string('status');
    $table->timestamp('submitted_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('verified_at')->nullable();
    $table->timestamp('ho_reviewed_at')->nullable();

    $table->unsignedBigInteger('approved_amount')->default(0);
    $table->text('notes')->nullable();

    $table->timestamps();
});

🔟 Claim Item (Detail Klaim)

bash

php artisan make:model ClaimItem -m

php

Schema::create('claim_items', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('claim_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('product_id')->constrained()->restrictOnDelete();

    $table->unsignedInteger('qty_submitted');
    $table->unsignedInteger('qty_approved')->nullable();

    // freeze rate saat submit
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('unit_amount');
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('subtotal_amount')->default(0);

    $table->string('rejection_reason')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();

    $table->index(['claim_id', 'product_id']);
});

Ini yang memungkinkan:

* partial approve

* audit jumlah & nilai klaim

1️⃣1️⃣ Claim Evidence (Bukti)

bash

php artisan make:model ClaimEvidence -m

php

Schema::create('claim_evidences', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('claim_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->string('type'); // LID_PHOTO | RECEIPT
    $table->string('file_path');
    $table->foreignId('uploaded_by')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
    $table->json('meta')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();
});

1️⃣2️⃣ Claim Verification Log

bash

php artisan make:model ClaimVerification -m

php

Schema::create('claim_verifications', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('claim_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
    $table->foreignId('verifier_user_id')->constrained('users')->restrictOnDelete();
    $table->string('status'); // APPROVE | PARTIAL_APPROVE | REJECT
    $table->text('notes')->nullable();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Audit trail ✅

1️⃣3️⃣ Disbursement (Pembayaran)

bash

php artisan make:model Disbursement -m

php

Schema::create('disbursements', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->foreignId('claim_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();

    $table->unsignedBigInteger('amount');
    $table->string('method')->default('BANK_TRANSFER');
    $table->string('provider_ref')->nullable();
    $table->string('status'); // PENDING | PAID | FAILED
    $table->timestamp('paid_at')->nullable();

    $table->timestamps();

    $table->unique('claim_id');
});

1️⃣4️⃣ Jalankan Migration

bash

php artisan migrate

Kalau ini lolos tanpa error, berarti fondasi sistem sudah solid 🔥

Penutup Part 2

Di Part 2 ini kita sudah:

✅ Membuat project Laravel

✅ Mendesain database berdasarkan flow bisnis real

✅ Menghindari desain “sekadar CRUD”

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